Conflict of Interest Statement

Transparency regarding potential biases is fundamental to the credibility and reproducibility of scientific research. Spectrum requires all authors to explicitly and mandatorily declare, at the time of submission, any condition that could be interpreted as a potential conflict of interest in the conduct of the study or the writing of the article.

The declaration must be included at the end of the manuscript and must cover:

• Financial Conflicts: Receipt of funding, grants, fees, consultancies, stock ownership, or patents linked to companies and organizations that may benefit positively or negatively from the study's results.
• Non-Financial Conflicts: Personal, academic, hierarchical, or institutional affiliations that may influence impartiality in data interpretation or the conclusion of the work.
• Absence of Conflicts: If no conflict exists to be reported, authors must include the following standard statement in the article: "The authors declare that there are no financial, commercial, political, academic, or personal conflicts of interest related to the conduct and publication of this research."

The intentional omission of conflicts of interest constitutes a serious ethical violation, subject to the rejection of the manuscript or the retraction of the published article.