Perspectivas Globais Militares sobre Tecnologias Quânticas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55972/spectrum.v24i1.389Palavras-chave:
Quantum Technologies, Quantum Computing, Quantum SensingResumo
Nas últimas décadas, está sendo visualizado um movimento tecnológico impactante na sociedade: a segunda revolução quântica, uma consequência de décadas de avanços na nanotecnologia e montagem de materiais átomo por átomo, permitindo aproveitar as vantagens de fenômenos intrínsecos à mecânica quântica, como superposição e emaranhamento, para projetar dispositivos quânticos com capacidades novas ou melhores.
Ao mesmo tempo, uma nova dimensão da guerra, um domínio quântico, preocupa governos em todo o mundo, bem como entidades privadas, especialmente ligadas ao setor industrial. Gerenciar recursos para as aplicações militares mais promissoras em tecnologia quântica é um assunto em discussão contínua em termos de planejamento político e estratégico. Com isso, um cronograma auspicioso e uma trama políticofinanceira global favorável têm sua origem nos dias atuais. Este artigo oferece uma visão global das principais perspectivas políticas, americana e europeia, sobre as tecnologias quânticas contemporâneas e suas potenciais aplicações gerais e militares.
Referências
I. Deutsch, “Harnessing the power of the second quantum revolution,”
PRX Quantum, vol. 1, 11 2020.
Fearnside, Andrew, “Mapping the commercial landscape for quantum technologies,” https://physicsworld.com/a/mapping-the-commercial- landscape-for-quantum-technologies/, 2018, accessed: 2022-07-05.
Q. Flagship, “Quantum manifesto,” https://qt.eu/app/uploads/2018/04/93056 Quantum-
Manifesto WEB.pdf, 2016, accessed: 2022-07-05.
Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science, “Quantum information science and techbology workforce development national strategic plan,” 02 2022.
Biden, Joseph R., “National security memorandum on promoting united states leadership in quantum computing while mitigating risks to vulnerable cryptographic systems,” 05 2022.
Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science, “National strategic overview for quantum information science,” 09 2018.
I. Hull, O. Sattath, E. Diamanti, and G. Wendin, “Quantum technology for economists,” 12 2020.
J. P. Dowling and G. J. Milburn, “Quantum technology: the second quantum revolution,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 361, no. 1809, pp. 1655–1674, 2003.
R. Dushkin, “Quantum technologies,” 05 2018.
K. M. Sayler, “Defense primer: Quantum technology,” 6 2022.
O. Ezratty, “Understanding quantum technologies,” 11 2021.
A. Davidson, “A new dimension of war: Quantum domain,” 2020.
M. Krelina, “Quantum technology for military applications,” EPJ Quan- tum Technology, vol. 8, 12 2021.
R. Feynman, “Simulating physics with computers,” International Jour- nal of Theoretical Physics, vol. 21, pp. 467–488, 1982.
D. Deutsch, “Quantum theory, the church–turing principle and the universal quantum computer,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, vol. 400, no. 1818, pp. 97–117, 1985.
C. D. Bruzewicz, J. Chiaverini, R. McConnell, and J. M. Sage, “Trapped-ion quantum computing: Progress and challenges,” Applied Physics Reviews, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 021314, 2019.
D. Jaksch and P. Zoller, “The cold atom hubbard toolbox,” Annals of physics, vol. 315, no. 1, pp. 52–79, 2005.
P. Krantz, M. Kjaergaard, F. Yan, T. P. Orlando, S. Gustavsson, and
W. D. Oliver, “A quantum engineer’s guide to superconducting qubits,”
Applied Physics Reviews, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 021318, 2019.
A. Mills, D. Zajac, M. Gullans, F. Schupp, T. Hazard, and J. Petta, “Shuttling a single charge across a one-dimensional array of silicon quantum dots,” Nature communications, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2019.
H. Von Bardeleben, J. Cantin, A. Cso´re´, A. Gali, E. Rauls, and
U. Gerstmann, “Nv centers in 3 c, 4 h, and 6 h silicon carbide: A variable platform for solid-state qubits and nanosensors,” Physical Review B, vol. 94, no. 12, p. 121202, 2016.
A. Y. Kitaev, “Unpaired majorana fermions in quantum wires,” Physics- uspekhi, vol. 44, no. 10S, p. 131, 2001.
P. Kok, W. J. Munro, K. Nemoto, T. C. Ralph, J. P. Dowling, and G. J. Milburn, “Linear optical quantum computing with photonic qubits,” Reviews of modern physics, vol. 79, no. 1, p. 135, 2007.
J. Preskill, “Quantum computing in the nisq era and beyond,” Quantum, vol. 2, p. 79, 2018.
R. Versluis and C. Hagen, “Quantum computers scale up: Constructing a universal quantum computer with a large number of qubits will be hard but not impossible,” IEEE Spectrum, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 24–29, 2020.
J. Chiaverini, D. Leibfried, T. Schaetz, M. D. Barrett, R. Blakestad,
J. Britton, W. M. Itano, J. D. Jost, E. Knill, C. Langer et al., “Realization of quantum error correction,” Nature, vol. 432, no. 7017, pp. 602–605, 2004.
J. Preskill, “Quantum computing 40 years later,” arXiv preprint ar- Xiv:2106.10522, 2021.
R. Oru´s, S. Mugel, and E. Lizaso, “Quantum computing for finance: Overview and prospects,” Reviews in Physics, vol. 4, p. 100028, 2019.
F. Bova, A. Goldfarb, and R. G. Melko, “Commercial applications of quantum computing,” EPJ quantum technology, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 2, 2021.
B. Jia, K. Pham, G. Chen, D. Shen, Z. Wang, G. Wang, and E. Blasch, “Quantum technology for aerospace applications,” in Sensors and systems for space applications VII, vol. 9085. SPIE, 2014, pp. 194– 199.
B. M. King, “The viability of quantum computing.” Missouri S&T’s Peer to Peer, 12 2018.
S. Luo and T.-M. Choi, “E-commerce supply chains with considerations of cyber-security: Should governments play a role?” Production and Operations Management, 2022.
V. Scarani, H. Bechmann-Pasquinucci, N. J. Cerf, M. Dusˇek, N. Lu¨tke- nhaus, and M. Peev, “The security of practical quantum key distribu- tion,” Reviews of modern physics, vol. 81, no. 3, p. 1301, 2009.
P. W. Shor and J. Preskill, “Simple proof of security of the bb84 quantum key distribution protocol,” Physical review letters, vol. 85, no. 2, p. 441, 2000.
R. Courtland, “China’s 2,000-km quantum link is almost complete [news],” IEEE Spectrum, vol. 53, no. 11, pp. 11–12, 2016.
S. Pirandola, J. Eisert, C. Weedbrook, A. Furusawa, and S. L. Brauns- tein, “Advances in quantum teleportation,” Nature photonics, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 641–652, 2015.
H. J. Kimble, “The quantum internet,” Nature, vol. 453, no. 7198, pp. 1023–1030, 2008.
C. L. Degen, F. Reinhard, and P. Cappellaro, “Quantum sensing,”
Reviews of modern physics, vol. 89, no. 3, p. 035002, 2017.
S. A. Wolf, L. G. Joneckis, S. Waruhiu, J. C. Biddle, O. S. Sun, and L. J. Buckley, “Overview of the status of quantum science and technology and recommendations for the dod,” Institute for Defense Analyses Alexandria, Technical Report, 2019.
Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science, “Bringing quantum sensors to fruition,” 03 2022.
K. MASSAD˙IKOV and M. O¨ zhan, “High technology policy in the european union,” Journal of Yas¸ar University, vol. 17, pp. 209–235, 01 2022.
H.-L. S. Committee, “Quantum technologies flagship intermediate re- port,” Quantum Flagship, Technical Report, 2017.
Q. Flagship, “Strategic research agenda,” 2020.
M. Swayne, “Top 12 quantum computing universities & gradu- ate programs [2022],” https://thequantuminsider.com/2022/04/18/the- worlds-top-12-quantum-computing-research-universities/, 2022, acces- sed: 2022-07-05.
A. Kott, “Potential science and technology game changers for the ground warfare of 2050: selected projections made in 2017,” U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Technical Report ARL-TR-8283, 2018.
N. Neumann, M. Heesch, and P. Graaf, “Quantum communication for military applications,” 11 2020.
S. C. M. Post, “Could ghost imaging spy satellite be a game changer for chinese military?” 2017.
A. Graps, “How much money has china already invested into quan- tum technology? – part 2,” https://quantumcomputingreport.com/how- much-money-has-china-already-invested-into-quantum-technology/, ac- cessed: 2022-07-05.
A. Lele, Quantum Technologies and Military Strategy, 01 2021.
J. D. Kline K, Salvo M, “How artificial intelligence and quantum computing are evolving cyber warfare,” https://www.iwp.edu/cyber- intelligence-initiative/ 2019/03/27/how-artificial-intelligence-and- quantum-computing-are-evolving-cyber-warfare/, 2019, accessed: 2022-07-05.
K. Bharti, A. Cervera-Lierta, T. H. Kyaw, T. Haug, S. Alperin-Lea,
A. Anand, M. Degroote, H. Heimonen, J. S. Kottmann, T. Menke et al., “Noisy intermediate-scale quantum algorithms,” Reviews of Modern Physics, vol. 94, no. 1, p. 015004, 2022.
A. Q. W. Group, “Applied quantum computing for today’s military. white paper,” 05 2021.
V. Giovannetti, S. Lloyd, and L. Maccone, “Quantum-enhanced posi- tioning and clock synchronization,” Nature, vol. 412, no. 1476-4687, 2001.
A. Lele, Quantum Technologies and Military Strategy. Springer, 2021.
M. Gartenkraut, “Recommendations for the cta law (plano smith) e brasil: Futura poteˆncia ae´rea-confereˆncia proferida pelo professor richard h. smith, no rio de janeiro, em 1945,” Revista Brasileira de Inovac¸a˜o, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 209–241, 2008.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Categorias
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 Denys Derlian Carvalho Brito, Rodrigo Pires Ferreira, André Jorge Chaves
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
